【姓氏源流】为什么云山叶始祖是叶宜兴?
<section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: PingFang SC, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(一)<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><p><br/></p><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: PingFang SC, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; 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height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(185, 215, 184); height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 22px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; 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flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(185, 215, 184); height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 6px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: rotateZ(45deg);"><section style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">被誉为“百世名儒”的叶向高,在其《家谱宗居图引》开篇,就有关于云山与云山叶先祖的文字,“吾居在玉融东南六十里。乡曰孝义,里曰化南,境曰云山,俗呼厚叶,从吾姓也”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">该文中又描述了云山的方位:“其山,自黄檗东行三十里,突起高峰,曰大吉。又东逶迤三十里,为黄钟山,形如覆釜。更十里,三峰连络如编贝,曰三山。自三山折而南五里许,有山,秀而拔,曰福兴山。逆折而西,亦五里许,曰天马山。复自南而北,舒为横阜,如列屏。然吾居负之,而面天马山。其中有石隆起,曰大石山。右曰凤迹山,左而下者,曰铁台山。自大石山展而北,突起曰豪山,倚吾居之肩,何氏聚族焉。其未至天马山,侧行而南数里,曰韩窑山。岐山北里许突起,曰双石山,俗名陈岭山,吾曾祖祖葬焉,与吾居相望,居三而皆高。宅当其洼,形成如燕巢,海水萦绕,黄檗大吉诸祖山环护之。”</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: PingFang SC, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); 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padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 50px; height: 6px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(185, 215, 184);"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(185, 215, 184); height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 6px; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: rotateZ(135deg);"><section style="margin: 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(185, 215, 184); height: 1px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: PingFang SC, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">该文末又指明“吾居图识”,写道,“嗟夫,吾居之在海上,弹丸耳。然宗人世世保焉。自大块观之,其以为蚁封也,以为蜗壳也。吾之营营过矣。虽然吾焉知大块之不为蚁封也,不为蜗壳也,而况于吾居。故图而识之,列谱首焉。”</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高的《家谱列传》,开篇记述了关于“云山始祖”的往事:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“始祖宜兴公,文值公嗣子。自公而上居云山,尚草创。公始卜宅奠居,据一乡之最胜。即今中厝是也。当公初卜时,南向,左倚天马山,后枕豪山。授室二子,伯东仲西。仲后寝盛贵显矣,然多外徙。伯后仍故居。改面天马山,与仲后之留者,割为南北田,而伯后遂蕃。本之,自公画也。公寿九十余。论其世,其宋之末造欤。”</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(二)</p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者以为,从上述叶向高之记之说,至少可知三个要点:</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其一,视云山为“祖山”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">云山,是系列群山之一山,处诸山之东“境”。其西起于黄檗山、大吉山,东向经三山、福兴山、天马山、大石山、凤迹山、铁台山、豪山,又经韩窑山、双石山(陈岭山),而至云山。叶向高把云山作为图腾,敬为“祖山”。又其中的“双石山”(陈岭山),即是叶向高“曾祖祖葬”之山,且“与吾居相望”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其二,记云山为“厚叶”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">云山由“境”之一山(山名),而被称以“厚叶”,不只是“从吾姓也”,跟自己的叶氏相关,关键是寄以“厚”望,又被冠为宗系名“云山叶”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由山名而村名,又作为宗系名,叶向高强调云山境,村名为“厚叶”,是天地人合一,是相互融合地依存。由此,后世有人推测说“后叶继前叶”,此“后”非彼“厚”。故而笔者认为,今之“后叶”,实应为“厚叶”。</p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其三,以宜兴为“始祖”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高及其父叶朝荣续修的族谱家谱,均把叶宜兴确认为云山叶始祖,是有其真实的依据。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一是“传闻迁之”。叶向高在《家谱小序》中写道,“十四世而上、本支而外,有所传闻,不敢收也,迁之”。这里说的“十四世而上”,指的是“宜兴公而上”,能够明确传下名讳的先人,只有叶宜兴。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二是“宜兴造世”。叶向高续修家谱时写道,“自(宜兴)公而上居云山,尚草创”。叶宜兴而上居云山,这“上”,究竟已有几世,叶向高因无实据,因而只是概述点过。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但从“尚草创”三字可知,叶宜兴的先祖(大概率是只身一人),于南宋时期(1127-1279)流浪到福清云山境。初来乍到,找个落脚,有个栖身,打个工做,求个生存,不至于“饥寒不能支”,得以“落籍”,由此开始打拼立足,艰难草创。少不了的:先当雇工佣人,而后租地耕作,再后来,或有如约百年后的云山北支叶希福那样,“徒手锄双石山荒地,数亩种麦豆以自给”(《家谱列传》),以不少于两三代之时年,从落脚谋生到立足成家,从数亩耕种到自给自足,奋斗了上百年,得以勉强养家糊口。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高曾记叶宜兴是“文值公嗣子”。然而,即使到了叶文值之时,云山叶氏一脉,也还是处在“草创”之中。在生产力和生产关系都不那么发达的那个时代,一名外乡人、落荒者的到来,其生存立足之不易,其草创养家之艰难,都是可想而知的。</p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">直到叶宜兴,已居厚叶几代的云山叶氏人家,才不仅“立稳扎根”,而且大大地“小康”起来。可以想见,可能已是而立、不惑之年的叶宜兴,以卓越的“造富者”巨匠,接过已经“草创”的基业,经过三四十年不懈拼搏,到八九十岁年月,事业家业双辉煌:积蓄了可观的私有财富,或成为了全村“首富”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由此,在叶向高续修的族谱家谱中,叶宜兴开始在村里找了风水最好的地方“卜宅奠居”,建成了“据一乡之最胜”的“中厝”,并将豪宅“授室二子,伯东仲西”,还将已经私有的、恐有数百亩的田地,分割给二子。叶宜兴自己也万幸地享年九十多寿。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(三)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶宜兴卓越打拼、辉煌创业的一生,不仅展现了其有体力有能力有智慧的“创业致富”天才,而且成功彰显其与人为善、乐善好施、德高望重的**形象。</p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">叶向高在《家谱列传》中,曾以长篇文字写“曾大父”叶广彬。其笔下曾祖父叶仕俨“力耕”的细节描写,更可读作始祖叶宜兴当年创业精神的传承弘扬——躬自饭牛,至老犹然。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《家谱列传》中详细描写了这一段故事:一日为牛触僵,仆父恚,谓大人何不自爱,作此细事。公曰:“百里奚饭牛而牛肥。此细事邪?汝试使仆往,牛必饥。牛饥则无以耕,是废农也。可不慎欤?”不肖今所忆书,犹有公饭牛时教授者。于乎,公之醇诚恻怛,通于幽明,大德细行,兼修无阙,真司马君。实陈仲弓、黄徵君之流,严穴弗彰。惜哉!</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者:叶立俊,叶向高13世裔孙,文史学者</section></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_J03" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 弘扬中华民族文化复兴 这个事情说起来就话长了
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