【史海钩沉】那年那村那山——福清龙田积库村植树造林的点滴往事
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010513"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>史海钩沉</p><p> </p><p>最近读到老领导王良平、刘明龙撰定的回忆文章《福清沿海镇村防护林建设和围垦情况回顾》，文中有一段说，“70年代沿海防护林以荒山荒地的造林绿化为主要方向。1973年，……在龙高半岛推广营造田埂林，兼顾水土保护和群众薪柴需求，较为成功的有龙田的积库和港头的东光、东翁、梓园、前林等村”。</p><p>这些文字，不禁让我回忆起老家龙田镇积库村当年植树造林的那些事，以及与之相关联的点点滴滴。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608124851front2_0_153532_Fs4CwH3nKzkfDtikyoi6Xcj_RgpO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="401" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608124851front2_0_153532_Fs4CwH3nKzkfDtikyoi6Xcj_RgpO.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>（一）</p><p>积库，古时别称“薛库”，位于龙田镇西部，下辖南亭、东头尾、苍底、北许、西坪5个自然村，现有人口近7500人。</p><p>积库村域多为丘陵，坡度和缓。村西北有福庐山，与五丈深（西山寺前）、车鐤顶、大山漠、孔雀墓、鸡溜溜、病腿山、烟墩山、南华山、石叠石形成半月圈，起起伏伏，逶迤连绵。</p><p>受地理环境的影响，旧时的积库山丘裸露，植被覆盖率低，仅有稀少的禾科草类。村里除了几株榕树、桑树、菩提枣，几乎没有大的树木。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608124902front2_0_153532_Fi2YXRUV01PUWwAEue3DiWzAuNNC.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="480" height="640" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608124902front2_0_153532_Fi2YXRUV01PUWwAEue3DiWzAuNNC.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>土壤以红壤为主，广泛分布于山地、小丘，占到全村土地面积的80%以上。红壤中含大量的红色砂砾，有机质和水分少，肥力低。耕地多为旱地，极少水田，地表上层较薄，疏松多沙，土地贫瘠。</p><p>境内无河道，仅靠不多的池塘蓄水，地下水均属浅层，为贫水区。下雨时，雨水流天倒地；雨一停，很快就蒸发干了。东张水库只能灌溉南亭、东头尾、苍底、北许几个自然村的少量田地。因而，农作物只能靠天生长，丰欠难料，村民生活拮据。</p><p>（二）</p><p>由于草木稀少，那时农家的生活燃料主要靠庄稼收成后的秸秆（稻草、麦秸、豆秆）、蕃薯藤、花生藤、麦糠、谷壳，但往往不够当年所需，因此进入农闲时节，家家户户、男女老少，还要到山野去“讨柴”“耙柴”，或者捡拾晒干的牛粪。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125009front2_0_153532_FkzKL_vtOpmEokLj6Q-6wXyfK2g1.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="720" height="307" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125009front2_0_153532_FkzKL_vtOpmEokLj6Q-6wXyfK2g1.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>所谓“讨柴”，就是用锄头在山野或田埂锄草皮、挖草根，诸如根系发达的“牛母筋”“芙蓉甲”；而“耙柴”，则是用“竹耙梳”收集那些枯草败叶。总之，凡能够烧得着的东西，都可以当柴火。怎奈积库村童山霍霍，山野就象被剃了头似的——光秃秃的，连草根都常常被人挖的干干净净。甚至当年有人调侃“妇女出工时尿急都无处藏身”，可见那时积库缺柴状况的严重程度。</p><p>积库人过日子，一桩不可回避的要事，就是年前要备足过冬柴草。这时候，一般要到更远的渔溪、东张，甚至一都的大山里“割柴”。这种活劳动强度大。其时，乡里邀上几个熟悉的人，带了工具，租了“货车”，住到山里连续劳作五六天。到了回程那一天，家里妇女、孩子会带着点心在半路上“接车”。接的这种车叫“货车”，如今早已绝迹。它的车台是木质的，只有五六公分宽的轮子也是木的，轮子上钉了一层废弃的汽车轮胎，由于没有弹性，推起来很费力气。如果运气差碰上雨天，泥结路面泥泞不堪，那费劲费时的状况更是糟糕透了。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125029front2_0_153532_FvQoYfeHiaJZk65Wq14JohEeWuR2.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="640" height="433" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125029front2_0_153532_FvQoYfeHiaJZk65Wq14JohEeWuR2.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>农家烧柴草其实很无奈，堆起来占地方，烧起来又是满屋烟雾弥漫。但若用“大柴”作燃料，情况就会好些。所谓“大柴”，一般都是来自东张、一都。山民将树木（一般为松木）锯成段，劈开，晒干，卖给山外的来客。龙田镇上的居民喜欢买“大柴”，占地少，火力猛，而农家往往因为缺钱烧不起。</p><p>（三）</p><p>为防风固沙、保持水土，同时解决群众薪柴严重不足的问题，早在上世纪60年代，积库村干部开始发动各生产队社员植树造林。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125052front2_0_153532_FtNcYE2mT4ZcdmCEa1QOq_vt2i4S.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="480" height="639" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125052front2_0_153532_FtNcYE2mT4ZcdmCEa1QOq_vt2i4S.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>大概到了每年春季的3月，村里都安排人手，出去买回一批台湾柳（即相思树）和木麻黄树苗，在指定的山头挖坑栽种，营造薪炭林。</p><p>木麻黄树种生长迅速，萌发力强。特别是对土地条件要求不高，适宜生长于丘陵地的红壤，也能适应酸性土；它的根系深广发达，具有耐干旱、抗风沙的特性。</p><p>台湾相思树适种于夏雨型、干湿季节明显的热带和亚热带气候地区，同样能适应瘠薄的土壤和干旱的气候，在酸性土、沙质土和黏重的高岭土中均能生长。</p><p>（四）</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125120front2_0_153532_Fmt1lcuFhW3L2D9yIEz_Z_4amJ-n.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="770" height="523" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125120front2_0_153532_Fmt1lcuFhW3L2D9yIEz_Z_4amJ-n.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>社员们饱尝远赴山区“讨柴”“割柴”的艰辛，因而对响应上级关于植树造林的号召特别热情。男女老少一齐出动，大家有的抱着树苗，有的挑着水桶、粪桶，有的肩扛洋镐、鹤嘴或锄头，兴高采烈地蜂拥上山。</p><p>笔者那时才十多岁，也有过多次前往五峰寺林场“耙柴梳草”受苦的经历，所以也踊跃加入植树行列。那热火朝天的场面至今历历在目，只见漫山遍野红旗招展、人头攒动、人声鼎沸，人们有的用洋镐挖“鱼鳞坑”，有的用锄头松土，有的给树苗培土，有的往坑里浇水，分工合作、有条不紊。</p><p>社员们投工投劳，本以为从此有了盼头。遗憾的是，人们的热情并没有换来喜人的回报，由于经验不足、管护不力，这段时间栽种的一批树苗，成活率很低。</p><p>（五）</p><p>直到1973年，县上又一次发动全民植树造林。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125134front2_0_153532_FsLkAx7lxB6wXoXxEPYrSyABv4uZ.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="720" height="480" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125134front2_0_153532_FsLkAx7lxB6wXoXxEPYrSyABv4uZ.jpg?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>这一次积库村种的基本都是木麻黄和黑松。社员们在公路两旁、田头园尾，尤其是在荒山野岭上，把“鱼鳞坑”挖得比以前更深更大，换上松软的土质，同时在初期管理上更加细心周到，这一批树苗成活率得到极大提高。</p><p>更为可喜的是，在“车鐤顶”到“铁耙梳”这一片山头栽种的龙眼树也都成活了，积库村有史以来有了果林。</p><p>社员们看着亲手栽种的树木一天天茁壮成长，笑在脸上，乐在心里。他们订立了乡规民约，制约村民滥砍盗伐和野外使用明火。由于谁都怕“吃四两米”“坐闸仔”（指坐牢），山林得到了有效的保护，村民薪柴不足的难题逐步得到了缓解。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125156front2_0_153532_FvlyB-C1ccJAqj8ezV9hbRrrzblz.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1440" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125156front2_0_153532_FvlyB-C1ccJAqj8ezV9hbRrrzblz.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>造林的成功，所形成的防护林，不但固土保水、挡风防沙，保护了农田和农作物，而且引来了飞禽走兽，促进了生态平衡和村貌改观。值得一提的是，著名企业家薛经官近年在“库底洋”、泉顺生态公园栽种的樟树，也已陆续成林，蔚为一道靓丽的风景线。</p><p>（六）</p><p>日子像白驹过隙，转眼间已经半个世纪。积库村造林前的景象，令当下年轻人匪夷所思。</p><p>而今，当你漫步林间小路，空气中会闻到一丝丝淡淡的草木香，沁人心脾。春夏时令，当你登上高高的大漠山，天风振衣，环顾四野，摄入眼帘的是积库村各个郁郁葱葱的山头。若是秋冬季节，朔风过处，松涛滚滚，犹如千军万马奔突而来。在万绿丛中，一座座白墙红瓦的楼房鳞次栉比，更有数以百计的高楼拔地而起。</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pic.app.fqlook.com/forum/20240608125237front2_0_153532_FpM_JsdYxMUhjkdYF_TJ1S9Mkmpd.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" alt="" width="1080" height="1080" data-qf-origin="forum/20240608125237front2_0_153532_FpM_JsdYxMUhjkdYF_TJ1S9Mkmpd.png?watermark/3/image/aHR0cHM6Ly9waWMuYXBwLmZxbG9vay5jb20vYWRtaW5fRnYyNzVpbW1Hd0xnX0dTQ29mTWFoR3VkOHBiRC5wbmc=/dissolve/100/gravity/South/dx/10/dy/65/text/QOaipuaDs-S9leWFiOeUnw==/fontsize/400/dissolve/100/gravity/South/fill/I2E4YThhOA==/font/5b6u6L2v6ZuF6buR/dx/10/dy/35" /></p><p>光影间，一幅气势恢弘的社会主义新农村画图跃然呈现，令人惊叹社会变革之潮流不可阻挡；一曲高亢激越的凯歌在世间悠然传唱，耳畔似乎还回响着伟人“为有牺牲多壮志，敢教日月换新天”的不朽诗句。</p><p>作者：薛守维，福清市体改办原副主任</p><p> </p><p>来源：知福清</p><p>2024-06-08 10:06 福建</p> <!----></div> 前人栽树后人乘凉。 福清沿海植树造林的真实写照，解决了生活燃料需求，改造了生产生存环境。那年代的林业局长曾世均辛勤为国为民筹划功不可没，应青史留名！
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