福清方言的连读变调

番薯娃 发表于 2024-5-17 17:09:28

<section style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 577.843px; vertical-align: top; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; border-color: rgb(205, 66, 66); align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 36px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 567.157px; vertical-align: top; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(205, 66, 66); align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清方言是唐宋古音的活化石。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清方言保存着大量的唐宋时期的古音、古义、古字，一直以来，均有语言专家学者不断进行深入探究，并且取得了可喜的研究成果，其中福清方言的文白异读、连读变调等特殊的语言现象，更是引起世人的关注。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1986年，中国社会科学院语言研究所方言研究室主持国家“七五”社科规划的重要科研项目《汉语方言重点调查》。该项目确定了河南洛阳，福建福清、漳平等地为调查点，持续开展了6年多的实地调查。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1993年，中国社会科学院语言研究所研究员冯爱珍先生编撰的《福清方言研究》，由社会科学文献出版社出版。1995年，该书获评中国社会科学院第二届青年优秀成果奖专著类三等奖。<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《福清方言研究》全书对福建福清方言的语音、词汇和语法，进行了可靠详细的记录和描写，极具参考和传播价值。该书第三章《福清方言音系》的第四节，阐释了福清方言中“连读变调”现象，写道：“福清方言的单字调，放在多字组中连读，会发生变化。我们管这种变化叫连读变调。”<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">连续变调，属于语流音变现象。在汉语里，指的是两个及两个以上音节在连读的时候，由于受前后音节的影响，有些音节的声调的变化。连读变调现象在普通话中大量存在，在各地方言包括福清方言中，也是普遍存在。掌握好连读变调的一般规律，对讲好福清话有一定的帮助。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清方言连读变调有两字组、三字组、四字组等，情况复杂，却有规律可循。限于篇幅，这里仅就两字组举几个例子，说明连读变调情况。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、阴平变阳平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例1：“包菜”【bau53＋cai21】—【bau44zai21】<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“包”阴平—阳平；“菜”声母c—z。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例2：“乡下”【hyoŋ53＋ha42 】—【hyoŋ44ŋa42】<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“乡”阴平—阳平；“下”声母h—ŋ。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、阴平变上声<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例：“山顶”【saŋ53＋diŋ32】—【saŋ32niu32】<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“山”阴平—上声；“顶”声母d—n。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、阳平变阴去<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例：“皇帝”【huoŋ 44 ＋dæ21】—【huoŋ 21 næ21】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“皇”阳平—阴去；“帝”声母d—n。<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四、阳平变上声<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例：“鱼骨”【ŋy 44 ＋goŋ12】—【ŋy 32 goŋ12】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“鱼”阳平—上声。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五、上声变阳平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例1：“韭菜”【giu 32＋cai21 —giu44zai21】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“韭”上声—阳平；“菜”声母g—z。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例2：“蝙蝠”【bieŋ32＋huŋ12】—【bieŋ 44ŋuŋ12】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“蝙”上声—阳平；“蝠”声母h—ŋ。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">六、阴去变阴平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例1：“菜鸭”【cai21＋øaŋ12】—【cai 53øaŋ12】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“菜”阴去—阴平。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例2：“细腻”【sæ 21＋ni42】—【sæ 53ni42】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“细”阴去—阴平。<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">七、阴去变阳平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例1：“汽灯”【ki21＋dæŋ53】—【ki 44læŋ53】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“汽”阴去—阳平；“灯”声母d—l。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例2：“钓鱼”【diu21＋ŋy44】—【diu 44ŋy44】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“钓”阴去—阳平。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">八、阳去变阳平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例1：“电表”【dieŋ 42 ＋biu32】—【dieŋ 44 miu32】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“电”阳去—阳平；“表”声母b—m。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例2：“豆荚”【dau 42 ＋gieŋ12】—【dau 44 øieŋ12】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“豆”阳去—阳平；“荚”声母g—ø。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">九、阳入变阳平<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例：“蜜蜂”【miŋ 15 ＋puŋ53】—【miŋ 44 puŋ53】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“蜜”阳入—阳平。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">十、阴入变阳入<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">例：“竹批”【dyŋ 12＋piæ53 —dyŋ 15piæ53】。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“竹”阴入—阳入。<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从上述举例来看，与普通话现有的阴平、阳平、上声、去声4个声调相比，福清方言有阴平、上声、阴去、阴入、阳平、（上声）、阳去、阳入8个声调，实际上是7个声调。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">福清话连读时，前字变调，但后字不变调。这种“前变”现象，与闽东方言语系中的福州话相似，与古田话有异。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">非常突出的是，福清方言连读中，后字的声母大多数会因连读发生变化，这种“后变”现象，在其他方言中没有这么大的比例，由此，也增加了学讲福清方言的难度。<hr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5);"/><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：陈则东，福清市首批社科专家，福清方言研究会名誉会长</section></section>来源：知福清<link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.fqlook.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_lry" id="wcn_editor_css"/>

半度微凉 发表于 2024-5-17 21:46:09

有点复杂

福清融强贺医生 发表于 2024-5-17 22:11:15

难怪福清话那么难学

去福清享清福去 发表于 2024-5-17 22:18:48

我们的母语：福清平话！
福清平话，五区八县乃至全省最平，没有之一：
福清平话有1300多年的历史，他是唐末宋初的官话！{:5_270:}

清香百合花 发表于 2024-5-18 18:22:50

长知识了，活到老，学到老，

耳东陈 发表于 2024-5-18 20:21:15

福清话翻译太难了{:5_259:}{:5_259:}{:5_259:}

梦想何先生 发表于 2024-5-19 07:56:54

福清方言也不好学

阿梵廪 发表于 2024-5-19 14:00:42

中国戏剧出版社出版陈则东先生的《福清方言词典》，在福清还能找得到吗？

乘风破浪app 发表于 2024-5-19 23:58:45

{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}{:5_248:}

心韵发表于 2024-5-20 23:00:40

福清话粒粒酥，街顶看咩八。

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福清方言的连读变调